mysql 模拟条件索引 我们知道,mysql 不支持条件索引。 什么是条件索引呢? 条件索引就是在索引列上根据where条件进行一定的过滤后产生的索引。 这样的索引有以下优势: 第一点, 比基于这个列的全部索引占用空间来的
mysql 模拟条件索引
我们知道,mysql 不支持条件索引。 什么是条件索引呢? 条件索引就是在索引列上根据where条件进行一定的过滤后产生的索引。 这样的索引有以下优势:
第一点, 比基于这个列的全部索引占用空间来的小。
第二点, 特别是基于full index scan 的时候,占用空间小的索引对内存占用也小很多。
postgresql,sqlserver等都支持条件索引,所以我们先来看下条件索引的实际情况。
表结构如下,记录大概有10w行:
table ytt.girl1 column | type | modifiers --------+---------+-------------------- id | integer | not null rank | integer | not null default 0indexes: girl1_pkey primary key, btree (id) idx_girl1_rank btree (rank) where rank >= 10 and rank index scan using idx_girl1_rank on girl1 (cost=0.29..421.26 rows=232 width=8) (actual time=0.023..0.044 rows=20 loops=1) index cond: ((rank >= 20) and (rank index scan using idx_girl1_rank on girl1 (cost=0.28..513.44 rows=291 width=8) (actual time=0.033..0.061 rows=20 loops=1) index cond: ((rank >= 20) and (rank
可以看出,在扫描的记录数以及时间上,条件索引的优势都很明显。
接下来,我们在mysql 模拟下这样的过程。
由于mysql 不支持这样的索引, 在sql层面上,只能创建一个索引表来保存对应条件的主键以及索引键。
ytt>show create table girl1_filtered_index;+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| table | create table |+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| girl1_filtered_index | create table `girl1_filtered_index` ( `id` int(11) not null, `rank` int(11) not null default '0', primary key (`id`), key `idx_rank` (`rank`)) engine=innodb default charset=latin1 |+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)接下来,对基础表的更新操作做下修改,创建了三个触发器。delimiter $$use `t_girl`$$drop trigger /*!50032 if exists */ `filtered_insert`$$create /*!50017 definer = 'root'@'localhost' */ trigger `filtered_insert` after insert on `girl1` for each row begin if new.rank between 10 and 100 then insert into girl1_filtered_index values (new.id,new.rank); end if; end;$$delimiter ;delimiter $$use `t_girl`$$drop trigger /*!50032 if exists */ `filtered_update`$$create /*!50017 definer = 'root'@'localhost' */ trigger `filtered_update` after update on `girl1` for each row begin if new.rank between 10 and 100 then replace girl1_filtered_index values (new.id,new.rank); else delete from girl1_filtered_index where id = old.id; end if; end;$$delimiter ;delimiter $$use `t_girl`$$drop trigger /*!50032 if exists */ `filtered_delete`$$create /*!50017 definer = 'root'@'localhost' */ trigger `filtered_delete` after delete on `girl1` for each row begin delete from girl1_filtered_index where id = old.id; end;$$delimiter ;ok,我们导入测试数据。ytt>load data infile 'girl1.txt' into table girl1 fields terminated by ',';query ok, 100000 rows affected (1.05 sec) records: 100000 deleted: 0 skipped: 0 warnings: 0ytt>select count(*) from girl1;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 100000 |+----------+1 row in set (0.04 sec)ytt>select count(*) from girl1_filtered_index;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 640 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这里,我们把查询语句修改成基础表和条件索引表的join。
select a.id,a.rank from girl1 as a where a.id in (select b.id from girl1_filtered_index as b where b.rank between 20 and 60) limit 20;
当然这只是功能上的一个演示。 最终实现得靠mysql 5.8了。^____^